Science and Politics

Shadowing Members of Parliament

Those Brits come up with the wackiest ideas. Intrepid young cosmologist Andrew Jaffe, at Imperial College London, is participating in a fun scheme from the Royal Society: pairing members of Parliament with scientists, who will follow them around for a few days.

Sorry I’ve been so quiet this week: I’ve just finished participating in the Royal Society’s MP-Scientist Pairing Scheme. They’ve linked 25 youngish scientists from throughout the UK with a member of Parliament, and let us “shadow” them for much of this week (as well as giving us presentations on the way science and scientists interact with the UK Parliamentary system): attending meetings, watching debates, going to the bar, generally absorbing the chaos that goes along with politics and government.

Sounds like a blast. Although I suspect that “going to the bar” doesn’t result in any martinis being served. (Not that this would ever happen in Britain, anyway; a friend relates the story of being tossed out of a London pub for trying to order a martini. Too American, apparently.)

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Kansas feels the heat

People who care about science are not sitting quietly as the Kansas board of education eviscerates the state science curriculum. First the American Association for the Advancement of Science and other organizations refused to participate in the sham hearings that had a foregone conclusion. This is a potentially risky strategy, aiming to deny an aura of respectability to the forces of superstition, but running the risk of giving them free rein to spout their nonsense unchecked. It seemed to work in this case, though, as many commentators were forced to take the initiative to point out how non-scientific the testimony was. (Here are more resources from AAAS.)

Now the National Academy of Sciences and the National Science Teachers Association are refusing to let Kansas use their materials in courses.

Two leading science organizations have denied the Kansas Board of Education permission to use their copyrighted materials as part of the state’s proposed new science standards because of the standards’ critical approach to evolution.

The rebuke from the two groups, the National Academy of Sciences and the National Science Teachers Association, comes less than two weeks before the board’s expected adoption of the controversial new standards, which will serve as a template for statewide tests and thus have great influence on what is taught.

Kansas is one of a number of states and school districts where the teaching of evolution has lately come under assault. If adopted, its change in standards will be among the most aggressive challenges in the nation to biology’s bedrock theory.

The copyright denial could delay adoption as the standards are rewritten but is unlikely to derail the board’s conservative majority in its mission to require that challenges to Darwin’s theories be taught in the state’s classrooms.

Again, a risky strategy, but potentially a very effective one. These materials are heavily used throughout the standards, so it will create a major headache for the board to remove them. It’s about time that pro-science groups stood up and started using the weapons at their disposal — the other guys don’t fight fair, we need to put everything we can into this battle.

Update: PZ Myers and Josh Rosenau are upset about the sloppy writing in the article. Fair enough.

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Questions sought

Bob Park, author of the irreverent What’s New weekly newsletter from the American Physical Society, is soliciting suggestions for questions to ask Harriet Miers about her views on science.

1. SUPREME IRONY: SHOULD NOMINEES BE QUESTIONED ABOUT SCIENCE?

After nominating Harriet Miers for a seat on the Supreme Court, President Bush sought to reassure religious conservatives by stressing Miers’ evangelical Christian roots. Bush said it’s part of who she is. He’s right, but traditionally the personal religious views of nominees are not taken up in the confirmation process. If the First Amendment is upheld, it shouldn’t matter. So forget religion. Far more important in the Twenty-First Century is the nominee’s views on science. There are, after all, few cases that come before the courts today that do not have a scientific component. Scientists must construct a list of basic questions that would give some insight into the nominee’s views on science. For example: do all physical events result from earlier physical events, or can they be caused by clasping your hands, bowing your head, and wishing? Send your suggestions to What’s New. WN will print the best of them.

Suggestions can be sent to whatsnew@bobpark.org, although you’re welcome to leave them in the comments here as well.

In other news at the intersection of religion and politics, Eugene Volokh clears up a question that I know has been bugging me for quite some time. (Prompted by an actual complaint!)

For those curious about whether [a public high-school marching band] playing The Devil Went Down to Georgia would be an Establishment Clause violation, the answer is no; though some songs that mention God (or for that matter the Devil) may in some contexts be seen by a reasonable person as endorsements of religion, this song wouldn’t be.

I think it’s true that the Charlie Daniels song couldn’t reasonably be taken as an endorsement of Satanism. Because, you know, the Devil gets his ass kicked in that song. (Devil’s advocate here.)

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Doomsday clock

It’s the 60th anniversary of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, which premiered in December, 1945, just a few months after atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The goal of the magazine has always been simple, if somewhat ambitious: to save the world by working to minimize the threat of nuclear war. It came out of a time when physicists were central players in questions of international security.

Doomsday ClockThe most famous product of the Bulletin is of course the Doomsday Clock, an iconic image that is far more famous than the magazine itself. The minute hand on the clock moves in response to the perceived danger of imminent global disaster. It’s fascinating to peek back at the timeline for the evolution of the clock, as it bounces back and forth in response to world events.

  • 1947: Seven minutes to midnight. Chosen mostly for artistic reasons, apparently. The original conception didn’t include the idea that the clock would actually move to reflect developments in international security.
  • 1949: Three minutes to midnight. The Soviet Union explodes its first atomic bomb.
  • 1953: Two minutes to midnight. The US and USSR explode hydrogen bombs.
  • 1960: Seven minutes to midnight. International cooperation to check the growth of nuclear weapons grows.
  • 1963: Twelve minutes to midnight. The US and USSR sign the Partial Test Ban Treaty, the first international arms-control agreement. (For some reason, the Cuban Missile Crisis doesn’t seem to have really registered — possibly it came and went too quickly.)
  • 1968: Seven minutes to midnight. France and China acquire nuclear weapons; arms stockpiles increase while development aid to developing nations languishes.
  • 1969: Ten minutes to midnight. The US Senate ratifies the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
  • 1972: Twelve minutes to midnight. The US and USSR sign the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I).
  • 1974: Nine minutes to midnight. Arms control talks stall; India develops a nuclear weapon.
  • 1980: Seven minutes to midnight. Small wars and terrorist activities grow, while arms-control talks remain stuck.
  • 1981: Four minutes to midnight. Terrorism and repression of human rights grows, along with conflicts in multiple theaters around the world.
  • 1984: Three minutes to midnight. Arms race picks up steam.
  • 1988: Six minutes to midnight. The US and USSR sign a treaty limiting intermediate-range nuclear weapons.
  • 1990: Ten minutes to midnight. Democracy flourishes in Eastern Europe; Cold War ends!
  • 1991: Seventeen minutes to midnight. The clock leaps dramatically backward as the Cold War remains over, and the US and USSR announce signficant cuts in nuclear stockpiles.
  • 1995: Fourteen minutes to midnight. Turns out that the peace dividend wasn’t quite what it might have been, as arms spending continues at Cold War levels. Fear grows of proliferation of nuclear weapons from poorly-controled facilities in the former Soviet Union.
  • 1998: Nine minutes to midnight. India and Pakistan go public with nuclear weapons.
  • 2002: Seven minutes to midnight. The U.S. rejects a series of arms control treaties and announces its withdrawal from the ABM treaty. Significant concerns about proliferation of nuclear weapons to terrorists.

So we’re right back where we started. If you don’t agree with the positioning of the clock as decided upon by the Bulletin’s board, you can always consult the Rapture Index for an alternative take on the imminence of Armageddon.

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Senator endorses Intelligent Design

But perhaps not one you’d think. From the Arizona Daily Star, via Wonkette.

On Tuesday, though, [John McCain] sided with the president on two issues that have made headlines recently: teaching intelligent design in schools and Cindy Sheehan, the grieving mother who has come to personify the anti-war movement.

McCain told the Star that, like Bush, he believes “all points of view” should be available to students studying the origins of mankind.

The theory of intelligent design says life is too complex to have developed through evolution, and that a higher power must have had a hand in guiding it.

There are liberals out there who are fond of John McCain because he’s some sort of “maverick.” This time he’s lining up with the majority, it would seem.

Update: And now he’s flip-flopped on gay marriage, in the wrong direction. I hope he enjoys life as a pandering politician more than he did as a principled statesman.

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Nonsense and propaganda

A New York Times article by Jodi Wilgoren talks about the Discovery Institute, the folks pushing Intelligent Design creationism. Entitled “Politicized Scholars Put Evolution on the Defensive,” it goes through the history and funding of the DI, and touches on their relationship to the conservative and evangelical movements.

My reading was that the article was a step in the right direction. It’s being criticized, I would say a little too harshly, by the pro-science side of the blogosphere — Arthur Silber, Carl Zimmer, and even Atrios, although PZ Myers is somewhat more measured in his condemnation. I think the difference in reaction comes down to the same distinction that arose in a previous post on intelligent design, where I suggested that it was “propaganda” and Mark commented that it was just “nonsense.” Scientists quite understandably want everyone to know that ID is completely non-scientific nonsense. And of course that’s true, but you’re just not going to get a non-opinion article in a major newspaper entitled “Intelligent Design — Nonsense, or Bullshit?”

But I don’t think we necessarily should be arguing the scientific merits of ID in the newspapers, precisely because there aren’t any. We should be shifting the debate by making it clear that this is not a scientific controversy — it’s a self-conscious propaganda machine. Again, real scientists publish articles and give talks at conferences, they don’t try to push their ideas onto school boards. I would say that the message we most need to get out there is that the entire notion of ID is absolutely nothing more than a political movement, not a scholarly dispute. Wilgoren’s article, while annoying in many ways, takes important steps in that direction:

When President Bush plunged into the debate over the teaching of evolution this month, saying, “both sides ought to be properly taught,” he seemed to be reading from the playbook of the Discovery Institute, the conservative think tank here that is at the helm of this newly volatile frontier in the nation’s culture wars…

Financed by some of the same Christian conservatives who helped Mr. Bush win the White House, the organization’s intellectual core is a scattered group of scholars who for nearly a decade have explored the unorthodox explanation of life’s origins known as intelligent design.

Together, they have mounted a politically savvy challenge to evolution as the bedrock of modern biology, propelling a fringe academic movement onto the front pages and putting Darwin’s defenders firmly on the defensive.

Like a well-tooled electoral campaign, the Discovery Institute has a carefully crafted, poll-tested message, lively Web logs – and millions of dollars from foundations run by prominent conservatives like Howard and Roberta Ahmanson, Philip F. Anschutz and Richard Mellon Scaife. The institute opened an office in Washington last fall and in January hired the same Beltway public relations firm that promoted the Contract With America in 1994.

That’s exactly what I want people to hear. Yes, it’s annoyingly misleading to be described as “on the defensive,” but we are on the defensive — not about the tenets of evolution, but about defending sensible curricula in our public schools. On blogs or in conversation it’s fun to demolish the usual ID arguments about transitional fossils or the second law of thermodynamics, but once we enter into those arguments in the public sphere, we’ve lost — the IDers can always throw out enough buzzwords and lies to make it sound like there really is a controversy. But if the popular view of the ID movement were that it was a well-financed propaganda machine without any connection to academic discourse, we’d be in much better shape.

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The Republican War on Science

I finally received my copy of Chris Mooney’s new book, The Republican War on Science. Chris is a longtime blogger at The Intersection, now also blogging at ScienceGate. I guess you can figure out from the title what the book is about. Here’s what Neal Lane says on the back cover:

A careful reading of this well-researched and richly referenced work should remove any doubt that, at the highest levels of government, ideology is being advanced in the name of science, at great disservice to the American people.

Lane was the White House Science Advisor under Clinton, as well as former director of the National Science Foundation, so he knows what he’s talking about.

I’ll wait until I’ve actually read the book to offer any opinions. The funny thing to me was a few months ago, when I was told that I’d be receiving a complimentary media-review copy of the book. I figured it must have been some kind of mistake; I’m not the media, I’m a highly-trained expert to whom the media comes when they want deep insights into the important cosmological issues of the day. But no, apparently I am now the media (or at least part of it), thanks to this blogging thing. I feel tawdry somehow, but I suppose one gets used to it. (Some of my best friends are in the media.)

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Enlightenment

Things have been busy, but at some point I hope to stop just linking and start actually writing something. In the meantime, why not link to something profound?

Enlightenment is man’s leaving his self-caused immaturity. Immaturity is the incapacity to use one’s own understanding without the guidance of another. Such immaturity is self-caused if its cause is not lack of intelligence, but by lack of determination and courage to use one’s intelligence without being guided by another. The motto of enlightenment is therefore: Sapere aude! Have courage to use your own intelligence!

— Immanuel Kant, in “What Is Enlightenment?”, 1784

Is it too cynical to think that the anti-science attitude on the part of our government is part of a bigger picture, a roll-back of rationality itself? Shakespeare’s Sister examines the evidence, and concludes that it’s not too cynical at all.

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